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Branchial arches: cranial
nerve innervation |
In Sensory/Motor/Both mnemonic 'Some Say Marry Money
But My Brother Says Big Boobs
Matter More', the B's also give Brancial arch
nerves in order:
But (CN 5): 1st arch
Brother (CN7): 2nd arch
Big (CN9): 3rd arch
Boobs (CN 10): 4th arch
---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin
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Temporal lobe: location of
high vs. low frequency recognition |
The bass clef looks like an ear.
Therefore, the bass clef [low frequency] is closer
to the ear, and the treble clef [high frequency] is more
medial.
See diagram.
---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin
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Cranial nerves: olfactory and
optic numbers |
"You have two eyes and one nose":
Optic nerve is cranial nerve two.
Olfactory nerve is cranial nerve one.
· Alternatively, note alphabetical order: oLfactory,
and oPtic.
---Rajael Somaskanthan Medical student, Royal Free and UCL
Medical School
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Cranial nerves |
"On Old Olympus Towering
Tops, A Finn And German Viewed
Some Hops":
· In order from 1 to 12:
Olfactory
Optic
Occulomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial
Auditory [or Vestibulocochlear]
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory [or Spinal root of the accessory]
Hypoglossal
· Alternatively:"Oh! Oh! Oh! To
Touch And Feel A Girls
Vagina, Ah! Heaven!".
· Alternatively: "Oh, Oh, Oh, To
Touch And Feel Virgin Girls
Vaginas And Hymens".
---Anurag Gupta Dept of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital,
Australia
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Ventricle aperatures:
converting the two nomenclature types |
Magendie foramen is the Medial aperture.
Luschka foramen is the Lateral aperture.
---Anonymous Contributor
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Basal ganglia: indirect vs.
direct pathway |
The Indirect pathway Inhibits.
Direct pathway is hence the excitatory one.
---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin
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CSF circulation: function of
choroid vs. arachnoid granules |
Choroid Creates CSF.
Arachnoid granules Absorb CSF.
---Jason Galarneau Flinders University, Australia
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GABA vs. Glu: the excitatory
vs. inhibitory transmitter in brain (eg in basal ganglia) |
When you Glue two things together, you add (+)
those things together, therefore Glu is the
excitatory one (+).
GABA is therefore the negative one.
---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin
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Pituitary: which half is the
adenohypophysis |
The Anterior pituitary is the Adenohypophysis.
---Anonymous Contributor
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Broca's vs. Wernick's area:
effect of damage to speech center |
"Broca": your speech machinery is Broken.
· Broca is wanting to speak, but articulation doesn't work,
and very slow.
"Wer-nick": "were" and "nick"
are both words of English language, but together they are
nonsensical.
· Wernick is having good articulation, but saying words that
don't make sense together.
---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin |
|
Argyll-Robertson Pupil
features |
Look at the math signs around the two parts of the
name: A-R.
The A has no sign in front, which in math means +A
(+ Accommodate).
There is a subtract sign in front of the R (- React).
Therefore, pupil can accommodate, but can't react.
---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin
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Spinal cord: converting
ventral/ anterior/ motor/ efferent and dorsal/
posterior/ sensory/ afferent |
A limousine:
The motor of limo is ventral and
anterior on the car.
The Aerial is sensory and on the dorsal
and posterior of the limo.
· Note 1: 'A' is Afferent, and also, in a
limo, the aerial on the top of the trunk has a capital 'A'
shape.
· Note 2: An aerial is a sensory thing: picks up radio
waves.
· Note 3: If picked a limo up in your hand, can only see
motor on ventral, since dorsal is covered by the
hood/bonnet.
---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin
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Optic chiasma: what it
looks like if you're a genetics star |
The optic chiasma looks the same as a
chiasma in meiosis, making it easy to spot on the
dissected brain.
---Anonymous Contributor
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Parasympathetic vs.
sympathetic function |
Sympathetic nervous system: "Fight or
Flight".
Parasympathetic nervous system: "Rest and
Digest".
---Anonymous Contributor
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Chemoreceptor trigger zone |
"Syringes Help Men On
Drugs":
Serotonin
Histamine
Muscarinic
Opioids
Dopamine
---Anonymous Contributor
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Cerebellar damage symptoms |
VANISHED:
Vertigo
Ataxia
Nystagmus
Intention tremor
Slurred (or Staccato) speech
Exagerrated broad based gait
Hypotonic reflexes
Dysdiadochokinesia.
---Nawal Bahal King's College, London
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Hypothalamus: feeding
vs.satiety center |
"Late night snack":
LATEral is snacking [feeding] center.
Therefore, ventromedial is satiety center.
---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin
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Spinal tracts: simplified
geography |
2 posterior: cross at the medulla.
2 lateral: ipsilateral (same side).
2 anterior: cross at the spinal level.
· See diagram.
· Note 1: Descending tracts on left of figure, ascending
tracts on right.
· Note 2: For ipsilaterals: one never crosses, one
crosses at the level then doubles back farther up. The
ipsilateral that crosses at the level (ventral
spinocerebellar) is the ipsilateral closest to the 2
anterior ones, which also cross at the level.
· Tract names in each group:
Posterior 2: lateral corticalspinal, dorsal columns.
Lateral 2: dorsal spinocerebellar, ventral
spinocerebellar. Anterior 2: ventral corticospinal,
spinothalamic.
---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin
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Spinal tracts: Gracilus
vs. Cuneatus: origin from upper vs. lower limbs |
Gracilus is the name of a muscle in the legs,
so Fasciculus Gracilus is for the lower limbs.
By default, Fasciculus Cuneatus must be for upper limbs.
---Jason Galarneau Flinders University
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Precentral vs. postcentral
gyrus: motor vs. sensory |
Just an extension of the rule that anterior =
ventral = efferent = motor.
The precentral gyrus is on the anterior side of the
brain, so is therefore motor.
---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin
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Geniculate bodies: medial
vs. lateral system |
MALE:
Medial=Auditory. Lateral=Eye.
Medial geniculate body is for auditory system, lateral
geniculate body is for visual system.
Can expand to MALES to remember Lateral=Eye=Superior
colliculus (thus medial is inferior colliculus by
default).
---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin
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Purkinje cells in
cerebellum are inhibitory to deep nuclei |
Shape of a purkinje cell in 3 dimensions is same as
a policeman's hand saying "Stop".
Therefore, purkinje cells are inhibitory.
· See diagram.
---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin
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Dysphagia vs. dysphasia |
DysphaSia is for Speech
DysphaGia is for your Gut [swallowing].
---Anonymous Contributor
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Hypothalamus: feeding vs.
satiety center |
"Stim the lat, get fat":
· Stimulating lateral increases hunger.
"Stim the ven, get thin":
· Stimulating ventromedial increases satiety.
---Ryan Hendren University of Arkansas for Medical
Sciences
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Argyll-Robertson Pupil
features |
Argyll Robertson Pupil (ARP)
Read it from front to back: it is ARP, standing
for Accomodation Reflex Present.
Read it from back to front: it is PRA, standing
for Pupillary Reflex Absent.
---Anonymous Contributor
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Cerebellar deep nuclei |
"Ladies Demand Exceptional Generosity
From Men":
· The 4 nuclei, from lateral to medial:
[Lateral]
Dentate
Emboliform
Globose
Fastigial
[Medial]
---Nick Loman St. Bart's/Royal London
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Dorsal= afferent, Ventral=
efferent and their functions |
"My friend DAVE got kicked in the behind
and screamed":
Dorsal/Afferent component is the
sensation of pain coming from the rear.
Ventral/Efferent component is the motor
action of screaming (which is done at front
of body).
---Anonymous Contributor
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Cranial nerves [for those
under stress] |
"Oh Once One Takes The
Anatomy Final A Good Vacation
Seems Heavenly":
Olfactory
Optic
Occulomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial
Auditory
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Spinal root of the accessory
Hypoglossal
---Anonymous Contributor
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Cerebellar damage signs |
DASHING:
Dysdiadochokinesia
Ataxia
Speech
Hypotonia
Intention tremor
Nystagmus
Gait
---Anonymous Contributor
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Hypothalamus: general
functions |
"TALE of the hypothalamus":
Temperature
Appetite
Libido
Emotion
---Anonymous Contributor
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Coronal section of brain:
structures |
"In Extreme Conditions Eat
People's Guts Instead of Their
Hearts":
· From insula to midline:
Insula
Extreme capsule
Claustrum
External capsule
Putamen
Globis pallidus
Internal capsule
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
---Anonymous Contributor
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Cranial nerves: sensory,
motor or both [1950s style] |
"Some Say Marilyn Monroe
But My Brother Says Bridget
Bardot Mmm, Mmm!":
· From I to XII:
Sensory
Sensory
Motor
Motor
Both
Motor
Both
Sensory
Both
Both
Motor
Motor
---Anonymous Contributor
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Cranial nerves |
"One Octopus Offered Two
Toddlers And Five Virgins
Great Valium And Hash":
Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial
V>estibulocochlear
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accesory
Hypoglossal
---Whit Fisher Georgetown Med
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Cranial nerves [for those
with a vegetable fetish] |
"Oh Oh Oh To Touch
And Feel Very Green Vegetables,
Ah Heaven!":
Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial
Vestibulocochlear
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accesory
Hypoglossal
---Anonymous Contributor
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Thirst/water balance
control centre: location in hypothalamus |
"You look up (supra...optic) at the clouds,
to check if it's going to rain (water)":
Therefore, water balance is in supraoptic nucleus.
---Zeiad Fakhouri
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Geniculate bodies: medial
vs. lateral system |
"Lateral=Light. Medial=Music.":
Lateral geniculate body is for visual system.
Medial geniculate is for auditory system.
---Matt Morgan University of Utah School of Medicine
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Cranial nerves |
"Old Opticians Operate To
Try Adding Fortune And Getting
Vegas Another Hotel!":
· In order from 1 to 12:
Olfactory
Optic
Occulomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial
Auditory
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal
---Melissa Student in California
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Cranial nerves [for
political Americans] |
"Our Oval Office Tomorrow
Teeters As Florida Adds George
Versus Al's Handcounts":
Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducent
Facial
Acoustic
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal
---Chris Teng SUNY-HSCB Downstate College of Medicine,
[Annual SUNY CN Contest Winner, 2000]
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Auditory pathway |
"Hungry Girls 8(ate) Nothing
To SLIM Themselves":
Hair cells
spiral Ganglion
cranial nerve 8
cochlear Nuclei
Trapezoid body (decussation of ventral nuclei)
Superior olivary nucleus
Lateral leminiscus
Inferior colliculus
Medial geniculate body
Transverse temporal gyrus
---Dave Colbert University of Western Australia
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Spinothalamic tracts:
function of lateral vs. ventral |
"Lumbago is conveyed by the Lateral
tract":
Lumbago is lower back pain. Therefore lateral tract
conveys pain, so by default, ventral tract conveys light
touch.
---Dave Colbert University of Western Australia
|
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Cerebellar deep nuclei |
"Fat Girls Eat Doritos":
· From medial to lateral:
Fastigial
Globose
Emboliform
Dentate
---
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Cerebellar peduncles:
afferent vs efferent |
SEMA:
Superior cerebellar peduncle
Efferent (fibres)
Middle cerebellar peduncle
Afferent (fibres)
---Durre Dow Medical College, Pakistan
|
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Geniculate bodies: paired
to respective colliculi |
SLIM:
Superior colliculi: Lateral geniculate
body.
Inferior colliculi: Medial geniculate
body.
---Durre Dow Medical College, Pakistan
|
|
Cerebellar damage signs |
DANISH:
Dysdiadochokinesis
Ataxia
Nystagmus
Intention tremor
Slurred speech
Hypotonia
---Grant Wilde and Kristian Mears University of
Leicester and University of Nottingham, UK
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|
Cerebellar functional
areas |
Anatomical shape/location of cerebellar areas is a
key to their function and related tract.
· Vermis = Spinocerebellar = Axial
equilibrium.
Vermis: right down the axis of cerebellum,
and vertically segmented like a spinal column.
· Flocculonodular lobe = Vestibulocerebellar =
Ear, eye, body coordination.
Flocculonodular lobe: flares out to the edges,
just like ears.
· Hemispheres of cerebellum = Cerebrocerebellar
= Peripheral coordination.
Hemispheres: around periphery of
cerebellum, and tract to cerebral hemispheres.
---Neil Bratney, M1 U. Nebraska Med Ctr
|
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Auditory pathway:
mandatory stops |
"Come In My Baritone":
Cochlear nucleus
Inferior colliculus
Medial geniculate nucleus
Brodmann's 41 (cortex)
---Anonymous Contributor Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, TX
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Olivary nuclei: ear vs.
eye roles |
Superior Olivary nucleus: SOund
localization.
· Inferior olivary nucleus is therefore the one for
sight [tactile, proprioception also].
---Miruna Segarceanu UMF Carol Davila, Bucharest,
Romania
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Geniculocalcarine tract |
Lower bank of calcarine sulcus is the Lingual
gyrus: it receives input from Lower retinal
quadrants.
Therefore, Cuneus is the Upper bank of
calcarine sulcus: it receives input from Upper
retinal quadrants.
· Remember: lower retinal quadrants represent superior
visual field quadrants and viceversa.
---Miruna Segarceanu UMF Carol Davila, Bucharest,
Romania
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Basal ganglia: D1 vs. D2
connections |
D1 has 1 connection
(Striatum-GPi/SNpr).
D2 has 2 connections
(Striatum-GPe-GPi/SNpr).
---Christina Billcliffe Oxford University Medical School
|
|
Meninges: layers in order |
PAD:
Piamater
Arachnoid
Dura
---Mohammed Azizuddin Ahmed Indian Medical Council
|
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Parkinson's disease: signs
and symptoms |
SMART:
Shuffling gait
Mask-like facies
Akinesia
Rigidity
Tremor
---Anonymous Contributor
|
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Alzheimer's disease:
common characteristics |
ALZHEIMER'S:
Anterograde amnesia is usually first sign
Life expectancy increase shows more cases in
recent years
Zapped (loss of) acetylcholinergic neurons
Hereditary disease
Entire hippocampus becomes affected
Identified by neurofibrillary tangles
Mutation in amyloid genes associated w/ disease
Entorhinal areas degenerate first
Retrograde amnesia ultimaltely develops
Senile plaques are formed at synapse
---David H. Chafey Ponce School of Medicine
|
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Thalamic boundaries |
"I HIT PPL (people)":
· Directions are in alphabetical order:
Anterior: Interventricular Foramen
Inferior: Hypothalamic nuclei (plane connecting
them)
Lateral: Internal capsule (posterior limb)
Medial: Third ventricle
Posterior: free Pole of Pulvinar
Superior: Lateral ventricle
· Posterior has 2 P's.
---David Colbert University of Western Australia
|
|
Afferent vs. efferent
neurons |
Afferent = Arrive
Efferent = Exit
---Scott B. Phillips UC Medical College
|
|
Spinal cord: afferent vs.
efferent neurons |
"Confusing because they both sound the SAME":
Sensory=Afferent
Motor=Efferent
---Dave Colbert University of Western Australia
|
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Dysphasia: Broca's vs.
Wernicke's causing expressive vs. receptive |
BEWARE:
Broca's area: Expressive dysphasia.
Wernicke's Area: REceptive
dysphasia.
---Tosan Okoro LWMS
|
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ALS: symptoms |
ALS:
Anterior horn neuron loss
Lower motor dominant effects
Spino-cortical tract (cortico-spinal tract)
---Sunthosh Parvathaneni Medical College of Wisconsin
|
|
Meningitis: site of TB
meningitis attack |
TB meningitis attacks The Base
of the brain
---Marc Serret Medical College of Wisconsin
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